Part of my work over the past few days has been to get to grips with different camera shots. They seem pretty basic but when you discover that in fact many of them have multiple names that’s when things get a little trickier.
So firstly I’ll start with a Big close-up (CU)
This includes the head or even only part of the head. This is used to show emotion and facial detail, which in turn helps the viewer to really read their emotions. This is usually reserved for passion or conflict.
Then a Close-up or Close shot (CU)
In this shot you see only the head down to the tops of the shoulders. This reveals more of the characters personality therefore more intimate with the viewer and also more powerful. Close shots work to increase the audiences identification with a character.
Medium close-up
This shot involves the character revealing their head to their shoulders. This is a useful ‘all-round’ shot.
Mid-Shot
The characters head to waist is shown. This provides clothing and body language to be seen by the audience which additionally helps the viewer to understand and relate to the audience much easier.
Medium-Long Shot
With this shot the viewer is able to see the characters head to waist. Like before it provides additional physical information however it is less detailed then previous shots. Also you get a better idea of the location of the character too.
Long Shot
This provides a full image of the character. Maximum information of the character however less detailed then previous. Contextualizes character in their location and this can be used to distance audience from events or even suggest loneliness or isolation.
Wide Shot or Establishing Shot
This shot tends to be used at the beginning or at the end of a scene. It helps to make clear the location and physical geography of the space; additionally sets up an atmosphere.
Over The Shoulder (O/S)
The over the shoulder shot helps to create a dynamic between the character and what they are seeing. The viewer see’s the perspective of the character. This shot can also be used to suggest that someone is being followed or possibly watched by an unseen presence :S
Two Shot, Threes Shot etc.. (2/S, 3/S)
This is where there are multiple characters in a frame.; you get a sense of how they relate to one-another. The opposite to this is to keep characters in separate frames to suggest a lack of common ground or interaction.
Point of View (POV)
Provides perspective from a particular character’s point of view, looking onto their cast members. The director manipulates whose eye the audience experiences the story from. Also sometimes it can be when the viewer is being spoken to directly; this is used a lot in programs like ‘Peep Show’
High Angle
The camera points down from above eye line, looking down on someone. This affect can indicate low status or vulnerability.
Low Angle
When the camera points up from below the eye lone, looking up to someone. It can indicate high status, indicating someone being powerful or intimidating.